![]() To date, the complete assembly and accurate annotation of plant mitogenomes remain challenging due to their complex and often perplexing structure. Although more than 9000 complete mitogenomes have been deposited in NCBI Genbank (July 2020), only 235 of them belong to plants ( ), and the vast majority of these mitogenomes are from angiosperms. ![]() Since the first plant mitogenome of the common liverwort has been sequenced, not as many mitogenomes were sequenced and assembled in plants as in animals. Similar to other species, the Siberian larch mitogenome contains relatively few genes, and despite its huge size, the repeated and low complexity regions cover only 14.46% of the mitogenome sequence. Our study showed that the size of the Siberian larch mitogenome is much larger than in other so far studied Gymnosperms, and in the same range as for the annual flowering plant Silene conica (11.3 Mbp). We found few plasmid-like insertions representing only 0.11% of the entire Siberian larch mitogenome. The immense size of this genome, currently the largest reported, can be partly explained by variable numbers of mobile genetic elements, and introns, but unlikely by plasmid-related sequences. In total, 864 C-to-U RNA editing sites were found for 38 out of 40 protein-coding genes. In total, 40 protein-coding, 34 tRNA, and 3 rRNA genes and numerous repetitive elements (REs) were annotated in this mitogenome. The total size of the genome was estimated at 11.7 Mbp. The assembly of the Siberian larch mitogenome contained nine contigs, with the shortest and the largest contigs being 24,767 bp and 4,008,762 bp, respectively. Two sources of DNA sequences were used to search for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences: mtDNA enriched samples and nucleotide reads generated in the de novo whole genome sequencing project, respectively. ![]() Yet, despite its importance for evolutionary and population studies, the mitogenome of Siberian larch has not yet been assembled and studied. ![]() Among them, Siberian larch ( Larix sibirica Ledeb.) represents one of the keystone species in Siberian boreal forests. Conifers cover an ancient group of land plants that includes about 600 species, and which are of great ecological and economical value. To date, in comparison with the number of plant species, only a few plant mitogenomes have been sequenced and released, particularly for conifers (the Pinaceae family). Plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can be structurally complex while their size can vary from ~ 222 Kbp in Brassica napus to 11.3 Mbp in Silene conica. ![]()
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